Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgeries

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat chronic sinus problems and improve sinus drainage. It is typically recommended when medical treatments like antibiotics, nasal sprays, or antihistamines fail to relieve symptoms. The procedure involves using a thin, flexible endoscope with a camera to visualize the nasal passages and sinuses, allowing the surgeon to remove blockages, polyps, or diseased tissue while preserving healthy structures.

Causes

FESS is often indicated for chronic sinusitis caused by factors such as nasal polyps, deviated nasal septum, recurrent infections, allergies, fungal infections, or structural abnormalities in the nasal cavity. Persistent inflammation or blockage of the sinus openings can lead to impaired drainage, causing repeated infections.

Symptoms

Common symptoms leading to FESS include nasal congestion, facial pain or pressure (especially around the eyes and forehead), recurrent sinus infections, postnasal drip, reduced or lost sense of smell, headaches, and breathing difficulties. In some cases, chronic sinusitis may also cause fatigue or a persistent cough.

Treatment

During FESS, the surgeon inserts the endoscope through the nostrils—avoiding external cuts—and uses specialized instruments to remove obstructions and open sinus pathways. This improves airflow and drainage, reducing infection risk. The procedure is usually done under local or general anesthesia, and recovery is faster compared to traditional sinus surgery. Post-operative care involves nasal saline irrigation, avoiding irritants, and follow-up visits to ensure proper healing. FESS is highly effective in improving quality of life, relieving symptoms, and preventing recurrent sinus problems.