Myringotomy

Myringotomy is a surgical procedure performed in the field of otology to create a small incision in the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to relieve pressure, drain fluid, or treat middle ear infections. It is often combined with the insertion of a ventilation tube (grommet) to maintain aeration and prevent fluid reaccumulation.

Causes

Myringotomy is commonly indicated for conditions such as otitis media with effusion (glue ear), recurrent acute otitis media, or persistent middle ear infections that do not respond to antibiotics. Other causes include barotrauma from rapid pressure changes (e.g., diving or flying), Eustachian tube dysfunction, and the need for direct access to the middle ear for diagnostic purposes.

Symptoms Indicating Need for Myringotomy:

Patients may present with ear pain, hearing loss, a feeling of fullness in the ear, recurrent ear infections, or speech and language delay in children due to chronic hearing impairment. In some cases, fluid buildup can lead to imbalance, irritability, or sleep disturbances in children.

Treatment

The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia for adults and general anesthesia for children. The surgeon makes a precise incision in the eardrum to allow fluid (pus or serous fluid) to drain. If necessary, a small tube is placed to ensure continued drainage and ventilation for several months. Post-procedure care includes keeping the ear dry, using prescribed antibiotic drops, and attending follow-up visits to monitor healing.

Myringotomy is generally safe, with low risk of complications. It effectively relieves symptoms, improves hearing, and reduces recurrence of ear infections, especially in children with chronic middle ear problems.