Tympanoplasty

Tympanoplasty is a surgical procedure performed to repair a perforated tympanic membrane (eardrum) and restore normal hearing by reconstructing the middle ear structures. It is a part of otology, the branch of medicine dealing with ear disorders.

Causes

Eardrum perforation may result from recurrent or chronic ear infections (chronic suppurative otitis media), trauma to the ear (e.g., slap injury, insertion of foreign objects), sudden changes in air pressure (barotrauma), or complications from previous ear surgery. Long-standing perforations can lead to hearing loss and recurrent discharge.

Symptoms

Patients with eardrum perforation may experience decreased hearing in the affected ear, recurrent ear discharge (often foul-smelling if infection is present), a sensation of fullness in the ear, tinnitus (ringing sound), and, occasionally, mild pain. In some cases, water entering the ear during bathing or swimming can cause discomfort or infection flare-ups.

Treatment

Tympanoplasty is recommended when the perforation does not heal spontaneously or causes persistent symptoms. The procedure involves grafting tissue (often taken from the patient’s own fascia or cartilage) to close the perforation. The surgery is usually performed under local or general anesthesia through the ear canal or a small incision behind the ear. Recovery typically takes a few weeks, during which the patient should avoid water exposure and sudden pressure changes.

When successful, tympanoplasty not only closes the perforation but also improves hearing and prevents recurrent infections. With proper care and timely surgery, most patients achieve excellent functional and structural outcomes.