Microlaryngeal Surgery

Microlaryngeal surgery is a specialized minimally invasive procedure performed to treat various disorders of the vocal cords and larynx. It involves the use of an operating microscope and fine microsurgical instruments to allow precise removal or repair of lesions while preserving delicate vocal cord structures. This surgery is usually done under general anesthesia through the mouth, without external incisions.

Causes

Conditions requiring microlaryngeal surgery include benign vocal cord lesions such as polyps, nodules, cysts, granulomas, and papillomas; vocal cord hemorrhage; scar tissue (webs or synechiae); and certain early-stage laryngeal cancers. These problems often develop due to vocal strain, chronic irritation from smoking, acid reflux (laryngopharyngeal reflux), respiratory infections, or prolonged voice misuse.

Symptoms

Patients may present with persistent hoarseness, changes in voice quality, reduced pitch range, vocal fatigue, breathiness, or complete loss of voice. In some cases, there may be throat discomfort, frequent throat clearing, or difficulty breathing if the lesion obstructs the airway. Symptoms that persist for more than two weeks, especially in smokers, warrant medical evaluation.

Treatment

Before surgery, a thorough voice assessment and laryngoscopic examination are performed. Microlaryngeal surgery aims to remove or repair the lesion while preserving normal vocal cord function. Depending on the condition, laser or cold instruments may be used. Postoperative care includes voice rest for a few days, gradual voice rehabilitation with speech therapy, and addressing underlying causes like reflux management or smoking cessation. When performed skillfully, microlaryngeal surgery often results in significant improvement in voice quality and overall laryngeal health.