Laser Stapedotomy

Laser stapedotomy is a specialized microsurgical procedure performed in the field of otology to treat otosclerosis, a condition where abnormal bone growth around the stapes bone in the middle ear restricts its movement, leading to progressive hearing loss. The main cause of otosclerosis is believed to be a combination of genetic predisposition, hormonal influences, and, in some cases, viral infections such as measles. It commonly affects adults between the ages of 20 and 40 and is more frequent in women.

Symptoms

Symptoms of otosclerosis include gradual conductive hearing loss (difficulty hearing low-pitched sounds), tinnitus (ringing or buzzing in the ears), and sometimes balance disturbances. Many patients notice that they can hear better in noisy environments, a phenomenon known as Paracusis Willisii. If left untreated, the hearing loss may worsen and eventually involve the inner ear, leading to sensorineural hearing loss.

Treatment

Treatment primarily involves surgical intervention when hearing aids are insufficient. In laser stapedotomy, the surgeon uses a precision laser to create a small hole in the fixed stapes footplate. A prosthesis is then inserted to connect the incus bone to the inner ear, allowing sound vibrations to be transmitted effectively. The laser minimizes trauma to surrounding tissues, reduces operative bleeding, and provides high accuracy. The procedure is usually performed under local or general anesthesia and has a high success rate in restoring hearing. Postoperative recovery is generally quick, with patients advised to avoid sudden pressure changes, heavy lifting, or water entry into the ear until healing is complete.